Author: Gold Oil Drugs

A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is an investment similar to a bond that is made up of a bundle of home loans bought from the banks that issued them. Investors in MBS receive periodic payments similar to bond coupon payments.

Article 50 is a clause in the European Union’s (EU) Lisbon Treaty that outlines the steps to be taken by a country seeking to leave the bloc voluntarily. Invoking Article 50 kick-starts the formal exit process and allows countries to officially declare their intention to leave the EU. The United Kingdom was the first country to invoke Article 50 after a majority of British voters elected to leave the union in 2016.

The business cycle describes the rise and fall in output of goods and services in an economy. A measure often used to represent this is the rise and fall in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), often the real (adjusted for price level change) per person (capita) measure. The term “cycles” might also refer to the rise and fall in debt levels or financial markets.

Lading is the process of loading cargo onto a ship or vessel, and a negotiable bill of lading is one kind of bill of lading. The bill of lading is a legal document between the shipper and carrier, detailing the type, quantity, and destination of goods being carried. The negotiable bill of lading is distinguished by the fact that it is a contract of carriage that can be transferred to a third party.

Iceberg orders are large single orders that have been divided into smaller limit orders, usually through the use of an automated program, for the purpose of hiding the actual order quantity. The term iceberg comes from the fact that the visible lots are just the tip of the iceberg given the greater number of limit orders ready to be placed. They are also sometimes referred to as reserve orders.

Gap analysis is the process companies use to examine their current performance with their desired, expected performance. This analysis is used to determine whether it is meeting expectations and using its resources effectively.

A wear and tear exclusion is a provision in an insurance policy that states that the normal deterioration of the insured object is not covered by the insurance policy.

H-shares are shares of Chinese mainland companies that are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other foreign exchange. Although H-shares are regulated by Chinese law, they are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and are traded in the same way as other equities on the Hong Kong exchange. H-shares are available for more than 230 Chinese companies giving investors access to most of the major economic sectors, such as financials, industrials, and utilities.

The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter refers to a data-smoothing technique. The HP filter is commonly applied during analysis to remove short-term fluctuations associated with the business cycle. Removal of these short-term fluctuations reveals long-term trends. This can help with economic or other forecasting associated with the business cycle.

Up-and-in options are a type of exotic option that is often made available through specialized brokers to high-end clients in the OTC markets. The option features both a strike price and a barrier level. As the name suggests, the buyer of the option will benefit once the price of the underlying rises high enough to reach (knock in) the designated barrier price level. Otherwise the option will expire worthless.