A haircut has two meanings. The term haircut is most commonly used when referencing the percentage difference between an asset’s market value and the amount that can be used as collateral for a loan. There is a difference between these values because market prices change over time, which the lender needs to accommodate for. For example, if a person needs a $10,000 loans and wants to use their $10,000 stock portfolio as collateral, the bank is likely to recognize the $10,000 portfolio as worth only $5,000 in collateral. The $5,000 or 50% reduction in the asset’s value, for collateral purposes, is called the haircut.
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